Oct 24, 2023
코로나19에 대한 중화항체 검출
Anne Trafton 작성, MIT 화학자 2023년 6월 6일
작성자: Anne Trafton, MIT(MIT) 2023년 6월 6일
MIT 화학자들은 혈액 샘플에서 SARS-CoV-2에 대한 중화 항체를 식별하는 새로운 방법을 고안했습니다. 여기 하늘색으로 표시되어 있습니다. 신용: iStock
The method could enable a rapid test to determine whether individuals are producing antibodies that help protect against COVID-19First identified in 2019 in Wuhan, China, COVID-19, or Coronavirus disease 2019, (which was originally called "2019 novel coronavirus" or 2019-nCoV) is an infectious disease caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). It has spread globally, resulting in the 2019–22 coronavirus pandemic." data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]">코로나 19.
MITMIT is an acronym for the Massachusetts Institute of Technology. It is a prestigious private research university in Cambridge, Massachusetts that was founded in 1861. It is organized into five Schools: architecture and planning; engineering; humanities, arts, and social sciences; management; and science. MIT's impact includes many scientific breakthroughs and technological advances. Their stated goal is to make a better world through education, research, and innovation." data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]">MIT scientists have developed a novel technique that uses lectin displacement to detect neutralizing antibodies against viruses like SARS-CoV-2Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is the official name of the virus strain that causes coronavirus disease (COVID-19). Previous to this name being adopted, it was commonly referred to as the 2019 novel coronavirus (2019-nCoV), the Wuhan coronavirus, or the Wuhan virus." data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]">SARS-CoV-2, offering a way to assess vaccine effectiveness and potential protection against virusA virus is a tiny infectious agent that is not considered a living organism. It consists of genetic material, either DNA or RNA, that is surrounded by a protein coat called a capsid. Some viruses also have an outer envelope made up of lipids that surrounds the capsid. Viruses can infect a wide range of organisms, including humans, animals, plants, and even bacteria. They rely on host cells to replicate and multiply, hijacking the cell's machinery to make copies of themselves. This process can cause damage to the host cell and lead to various diseases, ranging from mild to severe. Common viral infections include the flu, colds, HIV, and COVID-19. Vaccines and antiviral medications can help prevent and treat viral infections." data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]"> 바이러스 변종. 그들은 이 기술에 대해 특허를 신청했습니다.
중화 항체로 알려진 바이러스를 무력화시킬 수 있는 항체는 감염과 싸우는 신체 능력의 핵심입니다. MIT 화학자들은 항체가 바이러스 단백질 표면에서 발견되는 당 분자와 어떻게 상호 작용하는지 분석함으로써 혈액 샘플에서 이러한 중화 항체를 식별하는 새로운 방법을 제시했습니다.
새로운 테스트는 연구자들이 연구에서 초점을 맞춘 바이러스인 SARS-CoV-2와 같은 바이러스에 대한 중화 항체를 누군가 가지고 있는지 여부를 밝히는 데 도움이 될 수 있습니다. 백신 접종이나 이전 감염으로 인해 생성될 수 있는 중화 항체는 향후 감염에 대한 보호를 제공합니다.
"이러한 유형의 분석은 환자가 실제로 백신으로 보호되는지 여부를 확인하는 데 사용될 수 있습니다."라고 MIT의 노바티스 화학 교수이자 논문의 수석 저자인 Laura Kiessling은 말했습니다. "위험이 높은 사람이 있다면 중화항체 보유 여부를 빠르게 판단할 수 있다면 정말 좋을 것 같아요."
Using this analysis, the researchers were also able to categorize antibodies based on whether they came from people who received the Moderna COVID-19 vaccine or the Pfizer COVID-19 vaccine, each of which targets slightly different viral RNARibonucleic acid (RNA) is a polymeric molecule similar to DNA that is essential in various biological roles in coding, decoding, regulation and expression of genes. Both are nucleic acids, but unlike DNA, RNA is single-stranded. An RNA strand has a backbone made of alternating sugar (ribose) and phosphate groups. Attached to each sugar is one of four bases—adenine (A), uracil (U), cytosine (C), or guanine (G). Different types of RNA exist in the cell: messenger RNA (mRNA), ribosomal RNA (rRNA), and transfer RNA (tRNA)." data-gt-translate-attributes="[{"attribute":"data-cmtooltip", "format":"html"}]"RNA sequences./p>